SOCI1301 Introduction to Sociology
EXAM 3
Question 1Which sociological perspective would be most likely to argue that most talented people would not go to school for many years to become biochemists if they could make as much money and gain as much respect working as elevator operators?
interactionist perspective
feminist perspective
conflict perspective
functionalist perspective
Question 2Conflict theorists would argue that poverty is functional in the U.S. system.
True
False
Question 3In Max Weber’s view,
people hold three distinct ranks in society.
our rank in society is determined by four separate variables.
our position in a stratification system reflects some combination of class, stigma, and power.
All of these answers are correct.
Question 4In Karl Marx’s view, social relations during any period of history depend on who controls the
legislature.
mass media.
primary mode of economic production.
most powerful religious organizations.
Question 5Even if stratification is inevitable, the functionalist explanation for differential rewards does not explain the wide disparity between the rich and the poor.
True
False
Question 6Stratification is universal, in that all societies maintain some form of social inequality among members.
True
False
Question 7Which level of college degree serves as less of a guarantee of upward mobility today than it did in the past?
M.A./M.S.
A.A./A.A.S.
Ph.D.
B.A./B.S.
Question 8An ascribed status is a social position
based solely on lifestyle.
based solely on income and wealth.
assigned to a person without regard to the person’s unique characteristics or talents.
attained by a person largely through his or her own effort.
Question 9A class system employs a social ranking based primarily on
age.
economic position.
caste.
religious and ethnic background.
Question 10Which sociological perspective would be most likely to suggest that studies of social class have tended to neglect the occupations and incomes of women as determinants of social rank, thereby elevating the status of males?
feminist perspective
conflict perspective
interactionist perspective
functionalist perspective
Question 11According to world systems analysis, a periphery nation is a nation that
is a poor, developing nation, such as Haiti or Chad, that is exploited by more powerful nations and corporations.
has a marginal economic status, such as Israel and South Korea.
dominates, along with its multinational corporations, all other nations socially, economically, and politically—as in the cases of the U.S. and Germany.
None of these answers is correct.
Question 12The goal of the United Nations Millennium Project was to
reduce the power of multinational corporations.
eliminate malnourishment in the world by 2015.
cut in half the amount of extreme poverty worldwide by 2015.
raise the GDP of the poorest countries of the world by 2015.
Question 13Contemporary modernization studies generally take a convergence perspective, in which researchers focus on how societies are moving closer together despite traditional differences.
True
False
Question 14Which of the following is a core nation?
Egypt
South Korea
Germany
Ireland
Question 15In order for the Millennium Project to succeed, United Nations planners estimated that the industrialized nations must each set aside how much aid for developing countries?
2.15 percent of gross national income
0.51 percent of gross national income
1 percent of gross national product
0.45 percent of gross national product
Question 16In which of the following nations is income inequality the highest?
United States
Sweden
Iran
Brazil
Question 17According to world systems analysis, a core nation is a nation that
controls and exploits, along with its multinational corporations, noncore nations.
is a poor, developing nation exploited by larger, more powerful nations and corporations.
has a marginal economic status.
None of these answers is correct.
Question 18Commercial organizations headquartered in one country that own or control other corporations or subsidiaries throughout the world are referred to as
world system enterprises.
multinational corporations.
megacorps.
international companies.
Question 19Colonialism is defined as
an approach that contends industrialized nations continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain.
the far-reaching process by which peripheral nations move from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies.
the maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural dominance over a people by a foreign power for an extended period.
None of these answers is correct.
Question 20According to world systems analysis, the United States, Japan, and Germany are all core nations.
True
False
Question 21An ethnic group is a group
that has reached very moral decisions about a way of life.
whose members have significantly less control over their own lives than the members of a dominant group.
that is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns.
that is set apart from others because of physical differences.
Question 22Which sociological perspective views the economic structure as a central factor in the exploitation of minority groups?
interactionist perspective
conflict perspective
functionalist perspective
global perspective
Question 23One in ________ Native American teenagers has attempted suicide, a rate four times higher than the rate for other teenagers.
eight
four
two
six
Question 24Genocide refers to the process of
forsaking a cultural identity in order to become part of a different culture.
expelling a group of people from a territory.
deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or the members of a nation.
combining a majority group and a minority group through intermarriage to form a new group.
Question 25Which sociologist observed that people respond not only to the objective features of a situation or person but also to the social meaning that situation or person has for them?
William I. Thomas
Karl Marx
William Graham Sumner
Robert Merton
Question 26Arab Americans are descendants of people from the ________ nations of the Arab world.
17
48
5
22
Question 27What term is used by sociologists to describe a group that is set apart from others because of physical differences that have taken on social significance?
racial group
ethnic group
reference group
social group
Question 28A minority group is a group
that is set apart from others because of physical differences.
that has reached very moral decisions about a way of life.
that is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns.
whose members have significantly less control over their own lives than the members of a dominant group.
Question 29In 1995, the federal Glass Ceiling Commission found that glass ceilings
continue to block women and minority men from top management positions in the nation’s industries.
continue to block women, minority men, and White men from top management positions in the nation’s industries.
leak.
continue to block White men from top management positions in the nation’s industries.
Question 30In the view of sociologists, the distinction between racial and ethnic minorities is clear-cut.
True
False
Question 31Which of the following statements about the feminist movement is true?
Friedrich Engels argued that the rise of industrialization benefited women.
Modern feminist theory is based on the interactionist perspective.
There was no feminist movement in the U.S. until the 1980s.
The second wave of feminism in the U.S. was inspired in part by Millett’s Sexual Politics.
Question 32Which of the following illustrates Arlie Hochschild’s concept of the “second shift”?
A woman works from 9 to 5 as a nurse and then has a second job as a waitress at a local diner.
A woman has a career as a stockbroker, and she is also responsible for maintaining the apartment, doing the shopping, and cooking for herself and her family.
A man has a career as an accountant; and when he gets home, he cleans his apartment and makes dinner for himself.
All of these answers are correct.
Question 33Women earn about ________ for every dollar a man earns.
80 cents
85 cents
90 cents
95 cents
Question 34The “second shift,” which refers to the double burden borne by many women—work outside the home followed by child care and housework—was the subject of analysis by
Letty Cottin Pogrebin.
Heidi Hartmann.
Arlie Hochschild.
Susan Shaw.
Question 35Children’s books published since the 1970s have shown significant improvement in the representation of females, with nearly as many female as male characters shown in central roles.
True
False
Question 36In Great Britain, 88 percent of all workers in which occupation are women?
cashier
computer programmer
nurse
traffic officer
Question 37Which sociological perspective emphasizes that patterns of male dominance in cross-sex conversations that express themselves in day-to-day exchanges represent one more battleground in the struggle for gender equality as women try to get a word in edgewise?
global perspective
interactionist perspective
functionalist perspective
conflict perspective
Question 38Recent research suggests that men who shave their body hair, cry in public, and have pedicures are violating gender norms.
True
False
Question 39Which sociologist discussed the concept of and coined the term for multiple masculinities?
R. W. Connell
Margaret Mead
Robert Merton
Arlie Hochschild
Question 40According to Talcott Parsons and Robert Bales, the expressive role is performed by
men.
children.
women.
whichever adult has a career.
Question 41The minority aged population is expected to
increase with baby boomers and then sharply decline.
increase in the next 40 years.
remain constant over the next 40 years.
decline in the next 40 years.
Question 42Which sociological perspective criticizes both disengagement theory and activity theory for failing to consider the impact of social structure on patterns of aging?
conflict perspective
global perspective
interactionist perspective
functionalist perspective
Question 43Florida currently has the highest proportion of elderly people in the United States.
True
False
Question 44Which sociologist created a model of the retirement experience that incorporates several distinct phases?
Robert Atchley
Richard Kalish
Elaine Cumming
Helen Rose Fuchs Ebaugh
Question 45Conflict theorists are interested in asking questions about the values raised by decisions involving physician-assisted suicides.
True
False
Question 46Rudy, who has just retired from his longtime job as a corporate executive, is enjoying the freedom that his post-working years afford him, and he is spending a lot of time doing the traveling that he never had the time to do before. According to Robert Atchley, he is in which phase of retirement?
termination
preretirement
honeymoon
near
Question 47In many developing countries, the traditionally high status of the elderly has been undercut by
modernization.
pay equity.
world systems theory.
gerontology.
Question 48According to which theoretical perspective do social roles remain relatively unchanged as people age?
interactionist
feminist
conflict
functionalist
Question 49What practice, first introduced in London, England, in the 1960s, was founded on the concept of “death with dignity”?
senilicide
hospice care
naturally occurring retirement communities
euthanasia
Question 50Which of the following individuals has led a crusade to legalize physician-assisted suicides?
Dr. Jack Kevorkian
Elaine Cumming
Richard Kalish
Dr. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross
